Philosophy And Mental Illness

">“sixth sense”). These senses are
“I think therefore I am” –our only connection with the world outside our selves.
Renee Descartes (1640)A blind person has no visual contact with the outside
It is a beautiful summers day and you are walking inworld; somebody with a severe cold has little taste
the countryside. In a clearing to your right you see aor olfactory contact with the outside world. And
cherry tree, the red fruit peeping from under the lushthese senses are basically biochemical machines
green foliage. You walk up to it. You touch it, feelingdesigned to send information to our brain. For
the rough bark under your fingertips. You can hearexample, the eyes collect and focus reflected light
the breeze rustling the leaves, and smell the odour ofonto the retina (at the back of the eye). Receptors
the fruit. You take a cherry and pop it in your mouth,in the retina convert this light into electrical impulses
savouring the sweet juice as it floods over your(this electricity is produced by chemicals in the
tongue.receptors). These electrical impulses are then fired
But does the cherry tree exist? You can see it, hearalong a network of nerve cells to the brain. The
it, feel it, smell and taste it’s fruit –brain, another very complex mass of interconnected
but this is not enough. You may be hallucinating, ornerve cells, analyses these impulses – their
asleep and having a particularly vivid dream. Howstrength, their rate, their pattern and frequency
would you know?– and generates an internal picture based
You wouldn’t. All our experience of theupon them. It is this brain-generated picture that we
world and “reality” is governed by“see”. It is a similar case with the
our five senses (I leave aside any discussion of asensation of touch.